Ptree · Data sources & licenses

Ptree is assembled from the open biodiversity datasets below. Its clade drawings come from PhyloPic. Data sources are used under the licenses shown and credited below. Trait values are normalized into common units and categories and aggregated into per-clade summaries; source records and provenance remain available underneath. Where a number in the app is drawn from more than one source, the contributing sources are listed at the point it appears.

The GTDB prokaryote backbone is offered here under CC BY-SA 4.0, reformatted from its published release; you may reuse that tree under the same terms. iNaturalist observation metadata and photos retain their exact per-record and per-object licenses, including CC BY-NC.

PhyloPic licenses vary by drawing; see the individual silhouette credits.

The methodology explains how source records become comparable properties and group summaries. The citation guide covers references to Ptree and the underlying evidence; the publication imprint identifies editorial responsibility and rights.

Taxonomic backbones

Source	Citation	License
GBIF	GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset, GBIF.org.	CC BY 4.0
NCBI	Schoch CL, Ciufo S, Domrachev M, et al. (2020). NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. Database 2020:baaa062.	Public domain — U.S. Government work
Open Tree	Rees JA, Cranston K (2017). Automated assembly of a reference taxonomy for phylogenetic data synthesis. Biodiversity Data Journal 5:e12581. Open Tree Taxonomy + synthetic tree.	CC0 1.0
GTDB	Parks DH, Chuvochina M, Rinke C, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil P-A, Hugenholtz P (2022). GTDB: an ongoing census of bacterial and archaeal diversity through a phylogenetically consistent, rank normalized and complete genome-based taxonomy. Nucleic Acids Research 50:D785–D794.	CC BY-SA 4.0 — share-alike — the GTDB tree we serve is offered under CC BY-SA 4.0, reformatted from its release; copyleft contained to that tree
ICTV	International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Master Species List (MSL).	CC BY 4.0
ICTV VMR	International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Virus Metadata Resource (VMR).	CC BY 4.0
COL	Bánki O, Roskov Y, Döring M, et al. Catalogue of Life. catalogueoflife.org.	CC BY 4.0
ITIS	Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). itis.gov.	Public domain — U.S. Government work
SILVA	Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, et al. (2013). The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project. Nucleic Acids Research 41:D590–D596.	CC BY 4.0 — release 138 onward
WFO	World Flora Online (WFO). worldfloraonline.org.	CC0 1.0

Name & synonym authorities

Source	Citation	License
WoRMS	WoRMS Editorial Board. World Register of Marine Species. marinespecies.org.	CC BY 4.0 — per record; bulk redistribution not permitted — used for name-matching only, not served
EOL	Rice J, Schulz K (2024). EOL full taxon identifier map. Encyclopedia of Life. eol.org.	CC0 1.0 — IDENTIFIER MAP only (CC0) — EOL page_id ↔ provider ids, ingested to reconcile identity in the crosswalk (so e.g. GloBI's EOL-keyed interaction partners resolve); EOL's own prose/media content is separately licensed and not used
Index Fungorum	Kirk PM (ed.) (2024). Species Fungorum Plus, built on the global fungal nomenclator Index Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Checklist dataset.	CC BY 4.0 — fungal nomenclator, via Species Fungorum Plus (RBG Kew, CC BY) — name authority used only to reconcile fungal identity in the crosswalk, not served as a tree

Trait & enrichment data

Source	Citation	License
PBDB	The Paleobiology Database. paleobiodb.org.	CC BY 4.0
Wikidata	Wikidata. Wikimedia Foundation. wikidata.org.	CC0 1.0
IUCN Red List	IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. iucnredlist.org.	CC BY 4.0 — Red List STATUS only, via GBIF (CC BY 4.0) + Wikidata (P141, CC0) — the separately-licensed spatial range maps are redistribution-restricted and NOT used
WCVP	Govaerts R, Nic Lughadha E, Black N, Turner R, Paton A (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Scientific Data 8:215. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.	CC BY 4.0
BacDive	Reimer LC, Sardà Carbasse J, Koblitz J, et al. (2025). BacDive in 2025: the core database for prokaryotic strain data. Nucleic Acids Research 53:D748–D756. Leibniz Institute DSMZ.	CC BY 4.0
EltonTraits	Wilman H, Belmaker J, Simpson J, de la Rosa C, Rivadeneira MM, Jetz W (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027.	No copyright restrictions (ESA E095-178)
AVONET	Tobias JA, Sheard C, Pigot AL, et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25:581–597.	CC BY 4.0
AnAge	de Magalhães JP, Costa J (2009). A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:1770–1774. AnAge, Human Ageing Genomic Resources.	CC BY 3.0 Unported
Amniote	Myhrvold NP, Baldridge E, Chan B, Sivam D, Freeman DL, Ernest SKM (2015). An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109.	No copyright restrictions (ESA E096-269)
AmphiBIO	Oliveira BF, São-Pedro VA, Santos-Barrera G, Penone C, Costa GC (2017). AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits. Scientific Data 4:170123.	CC BY 4.0
BIRDBASE	Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kittelberger KD, Mota F, et al. (2025). BIRDBASE: A Global Database of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Scientific Data 12:1558.	CC BY 4.0
Rotenberry	Rotenberry JT, Balasubramaniam P (2020). Estimating egg mass–body mass relationships in birds. The Auk 137:ukaa019. Complete supplemental species table.	CC0 1.0 — bird egg-mass literature values and source-authored estimates remain distinguishable
Hone–O'Gorman	O'Gorman EJ, Hone DWE (2012). Body Size Distribution of the Dinosaurs. PLOS ONE 7:e51925. Complete deposited comparison tables.	CC BY 4.0 — complete maximum-species body-size tables; authored, inferred, and reconstructed masses remain distinguishable
AusTraits	Falster DS, Gallagher RV, Wenk E, et al. AusTraits: a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora. Version 7.0.0.	CC BY 4.0 — complete observation corpus; offspring mass admits measured seed and diaspore dry mass
EOL TraitBank	Encyclopedia of Life. TraitBank: All trait data. Rolling structured-data export, CC BY 4.0.	CC BY 4.0 — aggregated trait assertions retain their originating resource, method and measurement basis; duplicate deliveries are collapsed by originating authority before combination
TreeTraits	Knighton J, Sanchez-Martinez P, Anderegg L (2025). A Globally Comprehensive Database of Tree Hydraulic and Structural Traits Imputed from Phylogenetic Relationships. Zenodo.	CC BY 4.0
FishBase	Froese R, Pauly D (eds.) (2024). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, fishbase.org. CC BY-NC.	CC BY-NC 4.0 — CC BY-NC — eligible for this permanently non-commercial viewer; per-species finfish biology is shown with exact attribution to the FishBase Team and the Boettiger / Source Cooperative snapshot
Morgan Ernest 2003	Morgan Ernest 2003.	CC BY 4.0
Mesquita et al, 2015	Mesquita et al, 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Pantheria	Pantheria.	CC BY 4.0
Invertebrate phenology	Invertebrate phenology.	CC BY 4.0
marine ecology literature	marine ecology literature.	CC BY 4.0
Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution	Plant Fhd.	CC BY 4.0
Alaskan Arthropods	Arctic Biodiversity.	CC BY 4.0
Brusca and Brusca, 2003	Brusca et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Animal Diversity Web Traits and images	Adw Birds.	CC BY 4.0
Flora do Brasil	Brazilian Flora.	CC BY 4.0
Kubitzki et al	Kubitzki et al.	CC BY 4.0
Antweb	Antweb.	CC BY 4.0
Renous et al 2007	Renous et al 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Rotifer World Catalog	Legacy Partner Archive.	CC BY 4.0
Arctic Arthropods	Arctic Biodiversity.	CC BY 4.0
Mineralogy	Mineralogy.	CC BY 4.0
Engemann et al. 2016	Engemann, K. , Sandel, B. , Boyle, B. , Enquist, B. J., Jrgensen, P. M., Kattge, J. , McGill, B. J., Morueta_Holme, N. , Peet, R. K., Spencer, N. J., Violle, C. , Wiser, S. K. and Svenning, J. (2016), A plant growth form dataset for the New World. Ecology, 97: 3243-3243. doi:10.1002/ecy.1569	CC BY 4.0
MADtraits	NaTDB.	CC BY 4.0
Bergtold 1917	Bergtold 1917.	CC BY 4.0
Mexican Amphibians	Mexican Amphibians.	CC BY 4.0
Sibly et al 2012	Sibly et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Insect Development	Insect Development.	CC BY 4.0
Marshall et al 2012	Marshall et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Feldman and Meiri 2014	Feldman and Meiri 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Anderson and Wiens 2017	Anderson and Wiens 2017.	CC BY 4.0
GILBERT 1985	GILBERT 1985.	CC BY 4.0
Gamble et al 2015	Gamble et al 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Borges et al 2016	Borges et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Vidan et al 2017	Vidan et al 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Kawahara et al 2018	Kawahara et al 2019.	CC BY 4.0
McDermott 1964	McDermott 1964.	CC BY 4.0
Desutter Grandcolas 1995	Desutter Grandcolas 1995.	CC BY 4.0
Gwynne 2001	Gwynne 2001.	CC BY 4.0
Choe and Crespi 1997	Choe and Crespi 1997.	CC BY 4.0
Fornoff et al 2012	Fornoff et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Martins et al 2008	Martins et al 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Saunders 2002	Saunders 2002.	CC BY 4.0
Ankel Simons 2008	Ankel Simons 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Steinbauer and Weir 2007	Steinbauer and Weir 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Schmitz and Motani 2011	Schmitz and Motani 2011.	CC BY 4.0
Owens and Lewis 2018	Owens and Lewis 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Le Duc et al 2015	Le Duc et al 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Iwaniuk et al 2020	Iwaniuk et al 2020.	CC BY 4.0
Hunt et al 2009	Hunt et al 2009.	CC BY 4.0
Da Silva et al 2020	Da Silva et al 2020.	CC BY 4.0
Wcislo et al 2004	Wcislo et al 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Fabre et al 2016	Fabre et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Lewis and Taylor 1965	Lewis and Taylor 1965.	CC BY 4.0
Fire Effects Information System (USDA)	Fire Effects Information System (USDA).	CC BY 4.0
BROT plant trait database for Mediterranean	BROT Database Plant trait data for Mediterranean Basin species.	CC BY 4.0
USDA Plants data	USDA NRCS PLANTS Database.	CC BY 4.0
ECOCROP	ECOCROP.	CC BY 4.0
Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens	NMNH Botany Plant Habit Data.	CC BY 4.0
Palm Traits 1.0	Palm Traits 1.0.	CC BY 4.0
Gymnodiniales Traits	Gymnodiniales Traits.	CC BY 4.0
Bok et al 2016	Bok et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Greven 2007	Greven 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Ruhberg and Hamera 2005	Ruhberg and Hamera 2005.	CC BY 4.0
Hughes 1970	Hughes 1970.	CC BY 4.0
Zieger and Meyer Rochow 2008	Zieger and Meyer Rochow 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Palmer et al 2017	Palmer et al 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Garm and Nilsson 2014	Garm and Nilsson 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Elofsson and Hessler 1990	Elofsson and Hessler 1990.	CC BY 4.0
Bitsch 2005	Bitsch 2005.	CC BY 4.0
Achatz et al 2013	Achatz et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Salvini Plawen and Mayr 1977	Salvini Plawen and Mayr 1977.	CC BY 4.0
Chan 2010	Chan 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Wilkinson et al 2003	Wilkinson et al 2003.	CC BY 4.0
Wilkinson et al 2011	Wilkinson et al 2011.	CC BY 4.0
Suschenko and Purschke 2008	Suschenko and Purschke 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Mayer 2006	Mayer 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Higgins 1960	Higgins 1960.	CC BY 4.0
Nev 1979	Nev 1979.	CC BY 4.0
Vidal et al 2010	Vidal et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Daniels et al 2002	Daniels et al 2002.	CC BY 4.0
Kazilas et al 2018	Kazilas et al 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Koppetsch et al 2019	Koppetsch et al 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Land 1980	Land 1980.	CC BY 4.0
Nilsson 1983	Nilsson 1983.	CC BY 4.0
Warrant et al 2003	Warrant et al 2003.	CC BY 4.0
Moseley 1885	Moseley 1885.	CC BY 4.0
Tshudy et al 2009	Tshudy et al 2009.	CC BY 4.0
Tsurnamal 2008	Tsurnamal 2008.	CC BY 4.0
McLay 2007	McLay 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Nilsson 2013	Nilsson 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Morton 2000	Morton 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Ullrich-Lüter et al 2011	Ullrich-Lüter et al 2011.	CC BY 4.0
Morehouse et al 2017	Morehouse et al 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Land and Fernald 1992	Land and Fernald 1992.	CC BY 4.0
Burr 1984	Burr 1984.	CC BY 4.0
Picciani et al 2018	Picciani et al 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Elofsson 1966	Elofsson 1966.	CC BY 4.0
Syme and Oakley 2012	Syme and Oakley 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Elofsson 1965	Elofsson 1965.	CC BY 4.0
Beckers et al 2019	Beckers et al 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Vodopyanov and Purschke 2017	Vodopyanov and Purschke 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Danielopol 1990	Danielopol 1990.	CC BY 4.0
Kornicker 1991	Kornicker 1991.	CC BY 4.0
Parker 1995	Parker 1995.	CC BY 4.0
Yager 1981	Yager 1981.	CC BY 4.0
Maddison et al 2019	Maddison et al 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Hunt 2007	Hunt 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Roscito and Rodrigues 2012	Roscito and Rodrigues 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Mejía-Ortíz and Hartnoll, 2006	Mejía-Ortíz and Hartnoll, 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Sumner Rooney et al 2020	Sumner Rooney et al 2020.	CC BY 4.0
literature body sizes metazoa	literature body sizes metazoa.	CC BY 4.0
NMNH Primate Measurements	NMNH Primate Measurements.	CC BY 4.0
Kāneʻohe Bay Bioblitz	Kaneohe Bay Bioblitz.	CC BY 4.0
coraltraits	Coral Trait Database.	CC BY 4.0
Marine Planktonic Copepods	Marine Planktonic Copepods.	CC BY 4.0
McClain Bivalve Sizes	McClain Bivalve Sizes.	CC BY 4.0
AmericanInsects	AmericanInsects.	CC BY 4.0
Crustacean body sizes	Crustacean body sizes.	CC BY 4.0
Shelled animal body mass	Shelled animal body mass.	CC BY 4.0
Body Size Data for North American Orthopteroid Insects	Body Size Data for North American Orthopteroid Insects.	CC BY 4.0
Body Size Data for North American Hemiptera	Body Size Data for North American Hemiptera.	CC BY 4.0
Body Length Data for North American Beetles	Body Length Data for North American Beetles.	CC BY 4.0
Body length data for North American Syrphidae, Tabanidae	Body length data for North American Syrphidae, Tabanidae.	CC BY 4.0
Body Size Data for North American Spiders	test files.	CC BY 4.0
North American Flora	North American Flora.	CC BY 4.0
Memoirs of the American Entomological Society	Memoirs of the American Entomological Society.	CC BY 4.0
Femorale	Femorale.	CC BY 4.0
Syracuse U and Siefert 2014	Siefert A 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Carrano 2006	Carrano M T 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Benedetti et al 2015	Benedetti et al 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Moss et al 2016	Moss et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Lukas and Clutton Brock 2014	Lukas D and Clutton Brock T 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Matishov et al 2000	Matishov et al 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Edwards et al 2015	Edwards et al 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Sal et al 2013	Sal et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Literature body sizes, bivalves	Bivalve body mass.	CC BY 4.0
Barton Finkel et al 2013	Barton Finkel et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Symonds and Tattersall, 2010	Symonds Tatters.	CC BY 4.0
White and Seymour, 2014	White Seymour.	CC BY 4.0
Leblanc et al 2012	Leblanc et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Widdicombe et al 2010	Widdicombe et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
O Brien et al 2013	O Brien et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Hone et al 2013 avian data	Hone et al 2013 avian data.	CC BY 4.0
Hone et al Pterosaur Data	Hone et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Hone et al 2013	Hone et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Smith et al 2011	Macroecological database of mammalian body mass.	CC BY 4.0
Tree carbon estimates	Tree carbon estimates.	CC BY 4.0
Polytraits	Polytraits.	CC BY 4.0
Microbe ecomorphological guilds	Microbe ecomorphological guilds.	CC BY 4.0
Govindarajan et al 2011	Govindarajan et al 2011.	CC BY 4.0
GANS 1975	GANS 1975.	CC BY 4.0
Lovegrove 2014	Lovegrove 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Coe 1927	Coe 1927.	CC BY 4.0
Norenburg 1985	Norenburg 1985.	CC BY 4.0
Moore and Gibson 1985	Moore and Gibson 1985.	CC BY 4.0
Hessler 1981	Hessler 1981.	CC BY 4.0
Yen 2012	Yen 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Buskey et al 2012	Buskey et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Lauga 2006	Lauga 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Baumiller and Messing 2007	Baumiller and Messing 2007.	CC BY 4.0
CLARK 2019	CLARK 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Grabowsky 1994	Grabowsky 1994.	CC BY 4.0
Spain 2002	Spain 2002.	CC BY 4.0
Smith 1937	Smith 1937.	CC BY 4.0
Burr and Robinson 2004	Burr and Robinson 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Kristan 2019	Kristan 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Clark and Hermans 1976	Clark and Hermans 1976.	CC BY 4.0
Jordan 1992	Jordan 1992.	CC BY 4.0
Kolasa and Tyler 2010	Kolasa and Tyler 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Wyneken 1996	Wyneken 1996.	CC BY 4.0
Fish 2000	Fish 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Cubo 2000	Cubo 2000.	CC BY 4.0
HABIB 2010	HABIB 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Johnsgard 1962	Johnsgard 1962.	CC BY 4.0
Gatesy and Middleton 1997	Gatesy Middleton 1997.	CC BY 4.0
Garland and Losos 1994	Garland and Losos 1994.	CC BY 4.0
Shen 2010	Shen et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Snyder 1952	Snyder 1952.	CC BY 4.0
Lindsey 1978	Lindsey 1978.	CC BY 4.0
Hove et al 2001	Hove et al 2001.	CC BY 4.0
Webb 1984	Webb 1984.	CC BY 4.0
Lovegrove 2004	Lovegrove 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Hatt 1932	Hatt 1932.	CC BY 4.0
Alexander 2004	Alexander 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Biewener 1989	Biewener 1989.	CC BY 4.0
Ashley Ross 1994	Ashley Ross 1994.	CC BY 4.0
Schaefer and Summers 2005	Biewener 1989.	CC BY 4.0
Lovegrove and Haines 2004	Lovegrove and Haines 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Jennings et al 2010	Jennings et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Miller and Pawson 1990	Miller and Pawson 1990.	CC BY 4.0
Littlewood et al 1998	Littlewood et al 1998.	CC BY 4.0
Queirós et al 2013	Queirós et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Price et al 2005	Price et al 2005.	CC BY 4.0
Nebelsick 1992	Nebelsick 1992.	CC BY 4.0
Microbial Eukaryotes Trophic Guilds	Trophic guild data for microbial eukaryotes.	CC BY 4.0
Arthropod Trophic Ecology Data	Arthropod Trophic Ecology Data.	CC BY 4.0
Wolfgang Bettighofer Amoebazoa Trait Data	Wolfgang Bettighofer Amoebazoa Trait Data.	CC BY 4.0
Trophic guild data for fungi	Trophic guild data for fungi.	CC BY 4.0
Gastineau at al 2022	Gastineau at al 2022.	CC BY 4.0
Pettibone 1982	Pettibone 1982.	CC BY 4.0
Streelman et al	Streelman J T et al.	CC BY 4.0
Stanier and Cohen Bazire 1977	Stanier and Cohen Bazire 1977.	CC BY 4.0
Rockwell et al 2014	Rockwell et al 2014.	CC BY 4.0
Madigan and Jung 2008	Madigan and Jung 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Woodward et al 2016	Woodward et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Paul, 1988	Paul G S 1988.	CC BY 4.0
Reid et al 2012	Reid et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Olenina et al 2006	Olenina et al 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Arctic Lichens	Arctic Biodiversity.	CC BY 4.0
Parasitic Plants Database	Parasitic Plants Database.	CC BY 4.0
Carnivorous Plants Database	Carnivorous Plants Database.	CC BY 4.0
Kissling et al, 2014	MammalDIET.	CC BY 4.0
Barton Pershing et al 2013	Barton Pershing et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Washington Bird Phenology	Washington Bird Phenology.	CC BY 4.0
Kappeler et al 2013	Kappeler PM et al 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Swain et al 2016	Swain et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Shenkar et al 2011	Shenkar et al 2011.	CC BY 4.0
Cartwright 2003	Cartwright 2003.	CC BY 4.0
Francis 1979	Francis 1979.	CC BY 4.0
Ryland 1997	Ryland 1997.	CC BY 4.0
Hageman 2003	Hageman 2003.	CC BY 4.0
Cameron et al 2000	Cameron et al 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Fuchs et al 2010	Fuchs et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
McFadden et al 2010	McFadden et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Fungi ecomorphological trait data	Fungi ecomorphological trait data.	CC BY 4.0
Cellularity and growth form	Cellularity Growth Form.	CC BY 4.0
Scleractinia Lifestyle	Scleract Life.	CC BY 4.0
Yoon et al 2006	Yoon et al 2006.	CC BY 4.0
Necchi 2016	Necchi 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Schack et al 2020	Schack et al 2020.	CC BY 4.0
Kaulfuss et al, 2013	Kaulfuss et al, 2013.	CC BY 4.0
Suzuki et al 2010	Suzuki et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Faubel and Kolasa 1978	Faubel and Kolasa 1978.	CC BY 4.0
Habitat data for aquatic invertebrates	Habitat data for aquatic invertebrates.	CC BY 4.0
Habitat data for fungi	Habitat data for fungi.	CC BY 4.0
Habitat data for microbial organisms	Habitat data for microbial organisms.	CC BY 4.0
Sundberg and Gibson 2007	Sundberg and Gibson 2007.	CC BY 4.0
Strayer et al 2010	Strayer et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
The US National Vegetation Classification USNVC	The US National Vegetation Classification USNVC.	CC BY 4.0
Canadian National Vegetation Classification CNVC	Canadian National Vegetation Classification CNVC.	CC BY 4.0
Kanzaki et al, 2017	Kanzaki et al, 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Starko 2019	Starko 2019.	CC BY 4.0
Fairbairn 2013	Fairbairn 2013.	CC BY 4.0
McDaniel et al 2012	McDaniel et al 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Sabath et al 2016	Sabath et al 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species	Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species.	CC BY 4.0
Ax and Dörjes, 1966	Ax and Dörjes, 1966.	CC BY 4.0
Massard and Geimer, 2008	Massard and Geimer, 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Delwiche and Cooper 2015	Delwiche and Cooper 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Du et al, 2016	Du et al, 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Rogers et al 1980	Rogers et al 1980.	CC BY 4.0
Bringloe et al 2020	Bringloe et al 2020.	CC BY 4.0
Dittami et al, 2017	Dittami et al, 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Rintoul et al, 1999	Rintoul et al, 1999.	CC BY 4.0
Moore and Gibson 1981	Moore and Gibson 1981.	CC BY 4.0
Poinar 2010	Poinar 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Proudlove 2020	Proudlove 2020.	CC BY 4.0
Global Invasive Species Database	Invasive Species listings.	CC BY 4.0
National Wetland Plant List USA	National Wetland Plant List USA.	CC BY 4.0
The European Vegetation Archive EVA	The European Vegetation Archive EVA.	CC BY 4.0
Lavrov et al 2004	Lavrov et al 2004.	CC BY 4.0
Alava and Aguirre 2005	Alava and Aguirre 2005.	CC BY 4.0
Edmondst 2000	Edmondst 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Ma et al 2010	Ma et al 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Marshall and Valentine 2010	Marshall and Valentine 2010.	CC BY 4.0
Kanneby 2016	Kanneby 2016.	CC BY 4.0
Boyle and Rice 2018	Boyle and Rice 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Schmidt Rhaesa 2012	Schmidt Rhaesa 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Strand and Sundberg 2015	Strand and Sundberg 2015.	CC BY 4.0
Altman 1965	Altman 1965.	CC BY 4.0
Halanych 1996	Halanych 1996.	CC BY 4.0
Littlewood and Bray 2000	Littlewood and Bray 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Sorensen et al 2008	Sorensen et al 2008.	CC BY 4.0
Emig 1985	Emig 1985.	CC BY 4.0
Robin et al 2018	Robin et al 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Herranz et al 2021	Herranz et al 2021.	CC BY 4.0
Simpson et al 2020	Simpson et al 2018.	CC BY 4.0
Arctic Vascular Plants	Arctic Biodiversity.	CC BY 4.0
Lesser et al 2004	Lesser et al 2004.	CC BY 4.0
AmphibiaWeb distribution data	AmphibiaWeb distribution data.	CC BY 4.0
FAO Fishery Statistics	FAO Fishery Statistics.	CC BY 4.0
FAOSTAT	FAOSTAT.	CC BY 4.0
Hanotte and Mensah 2002	Hanotte and Mensah 2002.	CC BY 4.0
Hoffman and Wiklund 2006	Hoffman and Wiklund 2006.	CC BY 4.0
OBIS environmental data records	OBIS environmental data records.	CC BY 4.0
Travis et al 2017	Travis et al 2017.	CC BY 4.0
Lambio 2012	Lambio 2012.	CC BY 4.0
Ojasti 1996	Ojasti 1996.	CC BY 4.0
Martin 2000	Martin 2000.	CC BY 4.0
Jori et al 1998	Jori et al 1998.	CC BY 4.0
Park et al 2017	Park et al 2017.	CC BY 4.0
CITES species records	CITES species records.	CC BY 4.0

Species interactions

Source	Citation	License
GloBI	Poelen JH, Simons JD, Mungall CJ (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics 24:148–159.	CC BY 4.0 — aggregated products; cite original contributors

Media, ranges & live content

Source	Citation	License
iNaturalist	iNaturalist. California Academy of Sciences & National Geographic Society. inaturalist.org.	CC BY-NC — taxonomy common names from the monthly archive with API-selected preferences; observation metadata and photos remain per-record/per-photographer licensed (CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-NC / …), each credited where shown
iNat geomodel	iNaturalist geographic range predictions (geomodel). inaturalist.org.	CC BY 4.0 — geomodel range predictions (used where no expert map exists)
MDD ranges	Marsh CJ, Sica YV, Burgin CJ, et al. (2022). Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities. Journal of Biogeography 49:979–992.	CC BY 4.0 — expert mammal range maps, harmonised to the Mammal Diversity Database taxonomy
Wikimedia Commons	Wikimedia Commons. commons.wikimedia.org — hero images resolved via Wikidata (P18).	Per-image — CC BY-SA / CC BY / CC0 / Public Domain — each credited inline where shown
PhyloPic	PhyloPic. phylopic.org — silhouettes, each per-artist licensed.	Per-image — CC0 / CC BY / Public Domain; artist and terms vary by drawing

Basemap

Source	Citation	License
Natural Earth	Natural Earth. naturalearthdata.com.	Public domain